Introduction . Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-energy, high-speed forming technology1 , 2 , 3, which realizes the forming and processing of materials through electromagnetic force4 , 5. Compared with the traditional method, it can effectively improve the forming limit of the workpiece6 , 7. The loading of electromagnetic force in the electromagnetic forming process is very flexible, and the combination of coil and current can produce repulsion force ...